Enzymes


Enzymes Unit - Ch 6

Energy and Enzymes - Objectives

1. explain the role of catabolic and anabolic pathways in the energy exchanges of cellular metabolism and distinguish between kinetic and potential energy.

2. Evaluate how life requires a highly ordered system and order in life is maintained by constant free energy input into the system.

3. explain how loss of order or free energy flow results in death.

4. describe how increased entropy in living systems must be offset by biological processes that maintain or increase order.

5. illustrate how living systems do not violate the second law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy increases over time.

6. explain how energy input must exceed free energy lost to entropy to maintain order and power
cellular processes in living systems.

7. define how energetically favorable exergonic reactions, such as ATP→ADP, that have
a negative change in free energy can be used to maintain or increase order in a system
by being coupled with reactions that have a positive free energy change.

8. distinguish between exergonic and endergonic reactions.
9. explain and correctly construct potential energy diagrams for endothermic and exothermic reactions.
10. draw the structure of an ATP, describe the ATP cycle as related to energy released and gained, and list/describe the functions of ATP.
11. describe the influence of enzymes on chemical reactions and represent this influence on a potential energy diagram.

12. describe the basic structure of an enzyme.

13. define the terms substrate and active site.

14. describe the lock and key and induced fit hypotheses of enzyme  function..

15. explain what allosteric effects are in relation to enzyme function.

16. recognize that most enzymes function best at a neutral pH and explain why this is so.

17. recognize the effects of temperature on the function of most enzymes and relate these effects to the kinetic molecular.theory.

18. define the term denaturization and list three factors which can cause this to occur

19. recognize the effects when a fixed amount of enzyme is placed with an excess of substrate and explain why these effects occur.

20. recognize the effects when a fixed amount of substrate is placed with an excess of enzyme and explain why these effects occur.

21. describe the role of coenzymes and cofactors in relation to the structure and function of enzymes.

22. explain how enzyme activity can be regulated by environmental conditions, cofactors, enzyme inhibitors, and allosteric regulators.

23. explain how metabolic pathways are regulated by allosteric effects.


Life Requires Free Energy
Video – Life Requires Free Energy (post 5 main points from video)
            http://www.bozemanscience.com/science-videos/2011/9/14/012-life-requires-free-energy.html
            What is Gibbs Free Energy? (post 3 main points from video)
            http://www.bozemanscience.com/science-videos/2011/9/14/gibbs-free-energy.html

Enzymes
PPT
   Enzymes – This is important to review and study!
   http://www.explorebiology.com/pptAP/2008/METABOLISM/31Ch08enzymes2008.ppt

WS
   Energy and Enzymes – Guided Reading
   All you ever wanted to know about enzymes - Reading Sheet
   Enzymes at Work WS

Lab
   Denaturation of Protein Lab
   Catalase Lab – 2007

Blog Project
   Enzymes WS and Blog Post

Videos
            Thermodynamics and Enzymes (post 5 main points from video)
            http://www.bozemanscience.com/science-videos/2010/9/5/enzymes-the-working-cell.html

Enzymes (post 5 main points from video)
            http://www.bozemanscience.com/science-videos/2011/11/30/048-enzymes.html

            Enzymes – Bronxville – Better info on enzyme regulation (post 5 main points from video)
            http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXgrbEN956k&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL

Animations
Hydrolysis of Sucrose (post 3 main points from video)
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter6/enzyme_action_and_the_hydrolysis_of_sucrose.html

Biochemical Pathways (post 3 main points from video)
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter6/a_biochemical_pathway.html

Feedback Inhibition (post 3 main points from video)
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120070/bio10.swf::Feedback%20Inhibition%20of%20Biochemical%20Pathways