1. The critical factor driving yeasts to use fermentation to metabolize sugar is
A. lack of any enzymes.
B. that yeast is intolerant to alcohol.
C. inability to carry on glycolysis.
D. that yeasts can secure 38 ATP molecules from fermentation.
E. lack of oxygen.
A. lack of any enzymes.
B. that yeast is intolerant to alcohol.
C. inability to carry on glycolysis.
D. that yeasts can secure 38 ATP molecules from fermentation.
E. lack of oxygen.
2. Which of the following molecules can be broken down into acetyl and enter the citric acid cycle?
A. amino acids
B. proteins
C. fatty acids
D. pyruvate
E. all of the choices are correct
A. amino acids
B. proteins
C. fatty acids
D. pyruvate
E. all of the choices are correct
3. Which process must occur before fermentation?
A. fermentation
B. glycolysis
C. the electron transport system
D. the citric acid cycle
E. the preparatory reaction
A. fermentation
B. glycolysis
C. the electron transport system
D. the citric acid cycle
E. the preparatory reaction
4. One turn of the citric acid cycle produces
A. 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP.
B. 3 NADH, 2 FADH2, 1 ATP.
C. 2 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP.
D. 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 ATP.
E. 1 NADH, 3 FADH2, 2 ATP.
A. 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP.
B. 3 NADH, 2 FADH2, 1 ATP.
C. 2 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP.
D. 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 ATP.
E. 1 NADH, 3 FADH2, 2 ATP.
5. Which of these processes occurs in the cytosol?
A. the citric acid cycle
B. chemiosmosis
C. glycolysis
D. the electron transport system
E. the preparation of pyruvate
A. the citric acid cycle
B. chemiosmosis
C. glycolysis
D. the electron transport system
E. the preparation of pyruvate
6. The large number of ATPs produced are
A. inside the mitochondria matrix and diffuse out through the membrane.
B. outside the mitochondria and diffuse in through the membrane.
C. inside the mitochondria matrix and leave through a channel protein.
D. outside the mitochondria and enter through a channel protein.
E. embedded in the cristae membranes and diffuse both directions.
A. inside the mitochondria matrix and diffuse out through the membrane.
B. outside the mitochondria and diffuse in through the membrane.
C. inside the mitochondria matrix and leave through a channel protein.
D. outside the mitochondria and enter through a channel protein.
E. embedded in the cristae membranes and diffuse both directions.
7. Which process converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
A. the preparatory reaction
B. fermentation
C. glycolysis
D. the electron transport system
E. the citric acid cycle
A. the preparatory reaction
B. fermentation
C. glycolysis
D. the electron transport system
E. the citric acid cycle
8. Why would an organism utilize fermentation if it was wasteful of the energy in food molecules and posed the threat of killing itself with high levels of toxic alcohol?
A. The organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction.
B. None of the choices is an advantage; anaerobes only survive where aerobes cannot.
C. All of the choices are advantages.
D. Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP since it does not have to go through the full breakdown cycle.
E. If glucose levels are not high, there may be time to disperse the alcohol "waste."
A. The organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction.
B. None of the choices is an advantage; anaerobes only survive where aerobes cannot.
C. All of the choices are advantages.
D. Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP since it does not have to go through the full breakdown cycle.
E. If glucose levels are not high, there may be time to disperse the alcohol "waste."
9. The preparatory reaction breaks
A. pyruvates into glucose.
B. pyruvates into acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide.
C. pyruvates into acetyl-CoA and water.
D. glucose into pyruvates.
E. acetyl CoA into pyruvates and carbon dioxide.
A. pyruvates into glucose.
B. pyruvates into acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide.
C. pyruvates into acetyl-CoA and water.
D. glucose into pyruvates.
E. acetyl CoA into pyruvates and carbon dioxide.
10. Some bacteria are strict aerobes and others are strict anaerobes. Some bacteria, however, are facultative anaerobes and can live with or without oxygen. If given the choice of using oxygen or not, which should a facultative anaerobe perform?
A. Use oxygen because aerobic metabolism is easier.
B. None of these is correct.
C. It doesn't matter; both processes will produce the same results.
D. Not use oxygen since it is a facultative anaerobe, it doesn't tolerate oxygen well.
E. Use oxygen since aerobic metabolism provides more ATP per molecule of carbohydrate broken down than anaerobic metabolism.
A. Use oxygen because aerobic metabolism is easier.
B. None of these is correct.
C. It doesn't matter; both processes will produce the same results.
D. Not use oxygen since it is a facultative anaerobe, it doesn't tolerate oxygen well.
E. Use oxygen since aerobic metabolism provides more ATP per molecule of carbohydrate broken down than anaerobic metabolism.
11. The correct sequence for aerobic metabolic breakdown of glucose is
A. preparatory reaction--glycolysis--electron transport--citric acid cycle
B. electron transport system--citric acid cycle--preparatory reaction--glycolysis
C. light reactions--electron replacement--ATP production--calvin cycle
D. glycolysis--citric acid cycle--electron transport system--preparatory reaction
E. glycolysis--preparatory reaction--cirtric acid cycle--electron transport system
A. preparatory reaction--glycolysis--electron transport--citric acid cycle
B. electron transport system--citric acid cycle--preparatory reaction--glycolysis
C. light reactions--electron replacement--ATP production--calvin cycle
D. glycolysis--citric acid cycle--electron transport system--preparatory reaction
E. glycolysis--preparatory reaction--cirtric acid cycle--electron transport system
12. The first process in breaking down glucose is
A. the citric acid cycle.
B. the electron transport system.
C. the preparatory reaction.
D. fermentation.
E. glycolysis.
A. the citric acid cycle.
B. the electron transport system.
C. the preparatory reaction.
D. fermentation.
E. glycolysis.
13. Which process produces both NADH and FADH2?
A. the citric acid cycle
B. the preparatory reaction
C. fermentation
D. glycolysis
E. the electron transport system
A. the citric acid cycle
B. the preparatory reaction
C. fermentation
D. glycolysis
E. the electron transport system
14. For fatty acids to be able to enter the pathways of cellular respiration, they must be
A. combined with ATP.
B. combined with glycerol.
C. deaminated.
D. broken into acetyl groups.
E. be converted into five-carbon sugars.
A. combined with ATP.
B. combined with glycerol.
C. deaminated.
D. broken into acetyl groups.
E. be converted into five-carbon sugars.
15. The primary energy carrier between the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system is
A. NADH.
B. ADP.
C. H2O.
D. FADH2.
E. CO2.
A. NADH.
B. ADP.
C. H2O.
D. FADH2.
E. CO2.
16. What important process takes place in the area labeled "d"?
A. The reactions of the citric acid cycle.
B. The production of reduced coenzymes for the powering of the electron transport chain
C. The utilization of oxygen
D. The accumulation of protons creating an electrochemical gradient
E. The production of water.
A. The reactions of the citric acid cycle.
B. The production of reduced coenzymes for the powering of the electron transport chain
C. The utilization of oxygen
D. The accumulation of protons creating an electrochemical gradient
E. The production of water.
17. The carbon dioxide we exhale is produced in
A. glycolysis.
B. lactate fermentation.
C. the Calvin cycle
D. the electron transport system.
E. the citric acid cycle.
A. glycolysis.
B. lactate fermentation.
C. the Calvin cycle
D. the electron transport system.
E. the citric acid cycle.
18. Letter "a" is pointing to the location of the
A. citric acid cycle
B. calvin cycle
C. glycolysis reactions
D. generaton of NADH
E. electron transport chain
A. citric acid cycle
B. calvin cycle
C. glycolysis reactions
D. generaton of NADH
E. electron transport chain
19. Which process involves chemiosmotic phosphorylation?
A. glycolysis
B. fermentation
C. the preparatory reaction
D. the electron transport system
E. the citric acid cycle
A. glycolysis
B. fermentation
C. the preparatory reaction
D. the electron transport system
E. the citric acid cycle
20. The electron transport system produces ______ATP from each NADH and/or _________ATP from each flavin mononucleotide entering the system.
A. 3: 2
B. 4: 3
C. 2: 4
D. 4: 2
E. 2: 3
A. 3: 2
B. 4: 3
C. 2: 4
D. 4: 2
E. 2: 3
21. Which is NOT an end product of eukaryotic cellular aerobic respiration?
A. carbon dioxide.
B. All of the choices are correct.
C. ATP.
D. oxygen
E. water.
A. carbon dioxide.
B. All of the choices are correct.
C. ATP.
D. oxygen
E. water.
22. The end product of glycolysis
A. is pyruvate in aerobic respiration.
B. nets the cell 2NADH
C. can form alcohol and/or lactate if fermentation occurs.
D. All of the choices are correct.
E. nets the cell 2 ATP.
A. is pyruvate in aerobic respiration.
B. nets the cell 2NADH
C. can form alcohol and/or lactate if fermentation occurs.
D. All of the choices are correct.
E. nets the cell 2 ATP.
23. About _____ of the energy in the glucose molecule is captured in ATP through the reactions of cellular respiration.
A. 57%
B. 39%
C. 12%
D. 84%
E. 26%
A. 57%
B. 39%
C. 12%
D. 84%
E. 26%
24. Which process produces alcohol or lactate?
A. glycolysis
B. fermentation
C. the citric acid cycle
D. the electron transport system
E. the preparatory reaction
A. glycolysis
B. fermentation
C. the citric acid cycle
D. the electron transport system
E. the preparatory reaction
25. The energy stored in 36 ATP molecules produced by aerobic respiration is 39 percent of the energy available in a six-carbon glucose and the other 61% of the glucose bond energy is lost. The respiration of an 18-carbon fatty acid produces 216 ATP. We can expect that
A. None of these statements is true.
B. the degradation of a fatty acid is totally unrelated to the citric acid cycle.
C. six times as much energy was stored in this molecule but also a similar proportion is lost.
D. because the molecules are so large, fats are an inefficient form of stored energy.
E. this respiration pathway must occur in some cell organelle besides the mitochondrion.
A. None of these statements is true.
B. the degradation of a fatty acid is totally unrelated to the citric acid cycle.
C. six times as much energy was stored in this molecule but also a similar proportion is lost.
D. because the molecules are so large, fats are an inefficient form of stored energy.
E. this respiration pathway must occur in some cell organelle besides the mitochondrion.
26. Acetyl-CoA is produced from
A. citric acid and CO2.
B. citric acid and a coenzyme.
C. CO2 and pyruvate.
D. ATP and pyruvate.
E. pyruvate and a coenzyme.
A. citric acid and CO2.
B. citric acid and a coenzyme.
C. CO2 and pyruvate.
D. ATP and pyruvate.
E. pyruvate and a coenzyme.
27. Complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in ______ ATP molecules.
A. 32
B. 36
C. 4
D. 39
E. 2
A. 32
B. 36
C. 4
D. 39
E. 2
28. Which process reduces molecular oxygen to water?
A. glycolysis
B. the preparatory reaction
C. the electron transport system
D. the citric acid cycle
E. fermentation
A. glycolysis
B. the preparatory reaction
C. the electron transport system
D. the citric acid cycle
E. fermentation
29. Which is NOT true of the citric acid cycle?
A. Occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria.
B. Produces 4 carbon dioxide molecules per glucose molecule.
C. Must occur twice for each glucose molecule metabolized.
D. Produces 2 ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation
E. Produces 6 NADH per glucose.
A. Occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria.
B. Produces 4 carbon dioxide molecules per glucose molecule.
C. Must occur twice for each glucose molecule metabolized.
D. Produces 2 ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation
E. Produces 6 NADH per glucose.
30. Which of these pairs of processes are anaerobic?
A. fermentation and the citric acid cycle
B. the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system
C. glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
D. fermentation and glycolysis
E. glycolysis and the electron transport system
A. fermentation and the citric acid cycle
B. the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system
C. glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
D. fermentation and glycolysis
E. glycolysis and the electron transport system
31. Of the following processes, which does NOT require oxygen to occur?
A. electron transport system
B. citric acid cycle
C. glycolysis
D. preparatory
E. All of these require oxygen
A. electron transport system
B. citric acid cycle
C. glycolysis
D. preparatory
E. All of these require oxygen
1. E
2. E
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. C
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. E
11. E
12. E
13. A
14. D
15. A
16. D
17. E
18. E
19. D
20. A
21. D
22. D
23. B
24. B
25. C
26. E
27. B
28. C
29. A
30. D
31. C
